| Rick Santorum |
|---|
 |
United States Senator
from Pennsylvania |
|---|
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2007 |
| Preceded by | Harris Wofford |
|---|
| Succeeded by | Bob Casey, Jr. |
|---|
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 18th district |
|---|
In office
January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1995 |
| Preceded by | Doug Walgren |
|---|
| Succeeded by | Mike Doyle |
|---|
| Personal details |
|---|
| Born | Richard John Santorum
May 10, 1958 (age 53)
Winchester, Virginia, U.S. |
|---|
| Political party | Republican |
|---|
| Spouse(s) | Karen Garver Santorum; seven children (six living; one deceased) |
|---|
| Residence | Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
|---|
| Alma mater | Pennsylvania State University(BA)
University of Pittsburgh (MBA)
Dickinson School of Law (JD) |
|---|
| Occupation | Attorney, politician |
|---|
| Religion | Roman Catholic[1] |
|---|
| Website | Rick Santorum official website |
|---|
Early life, education, and legal career
During his childhood, Santorum's parents worked at the
Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital in
Butler and the family lived at the VA hospital post. His father became licensed as a clinical psychologist in August 1974.
[12] Santorum attended schools in the
Butler Area School District,
[13] where he gained the nickname "Rooster", allegedly because he "always had a few errant hairs on the back of his head that refused to stay down", and he was "dogged and determined like a rooster and never backed down".
[14]
Early political career
Santorum first became actively involved in politics through volunteering for the late Senator
John Heinz, a Republican from Pennsylvania. After earning his
Juris Doctor, Santorum became an administrative assistant to Republican state Senator
Doyle Corman, working for Corman until 1986. He was director of the Pennsylvanian Senate's local government committee from 1981 to 1984, then director of the Pennsylvanian Senate's Transportation Committee until 1986.
The 18th District was
redrawn for the 1992 elections, and the new district had a 3:1 ratio of registered Democrats to Republicans; Santorum still won re-election with 61% of the vote.
[19]In Congress, as a member of the
Gang of Seven, Santorum was involved in the naming of the Representatives involved in the
House banking scandal.
U.S. Senate
Elections
1994
2000
2006
In 2006, Santorum sought re-election to a third term in the U.S. Senate. His seat was considered among the most vulnerable for Republicans, and he ran unopposed in the Republican primaries.
[20] His Democratic opponent was State Treasurer
Bob Casey, Jr., the son of popular former governor
Robert Casey, Sr., who was well known for his pro-life advocacy despite being a Democrat. Santorum's seat was a prime target of Democratic efforts to gain Senate seats in the
2006 elections. Casey's candidacy was bolstered by his opposition to abortion, negating one of Santorum's key issues.
[21]
For most of the campaign, Santorum was behind by 15 points or more in polls. Polls showed that Santorum was
closing on Casey during the summer of 2006, but Casey's margin increased back to double-digits in September.
[22] A potential Green Party candidate was not allowed ballot access,
[23] further hurting Santorum's prospects, as there were no other candidates to siphon away some Casey voters.
[24] Some Santorum supporters had also funded the Green Party candidate, raising suspicions that some federal election laws may have been violated to help Santorum.
[25][26]
Santorum was mired in controversy over his residence in Virginia, where he and his family stay while the Senate was in session. He admitted that he spent only "maybe a month a year, something like that" at his Pennsylvania residence,
[27] which critics argued was hypocritical because Santorum himself had denounced, and defeated, Rep.
Doug Walgren-PA for living away from his House district.
[28] Santorum faced damaging stories that he enrolled five of his children in an online "cyber school" in Pennsylvania, for which the
Penn Hills school district was billed $73,000, despite the fact that all the children lived in Virginia.
[29] Santorum aimed a television ad suggesting that Casey's supporters had been under investigation for various crimes. The negative ad backfired, as the
The Scranton Times-Tribune found that all but a few of Casey's contributors donated when he was running for other offices, and none were investigated for anything.
[30] In fact, two of the persons cited in Santorum's campaign ad actually gave contributions to him in 2006, and one died in 2004.
[31] Santorum's campaign countered that those donations were not kept, and had been donated to educational institutions.
[32] Santorum faced controversy for statements against "radical feminism", which he claimed had made it "socially affirming to work outside the home" at the expense of child care.
Santorum shifted his campaign theme to the threat of radical Islam and Islamic terrorism in the United States. He gave a speech invoking British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill, referring to multiple forces trying to undermine the U.S. in a "gathering storm" (the term Churchill used to describe the causes of
World War II).
[33] He pointed to the historical date of a Muslim siege in Europe, Sept. 11, 1683, as evidence that radical Islamists were waging a more than 300-year old crusade with the intent to
restore Shia clerics to power in the Western world.
[34]Casey told the press that Santorum's claims were outrageous, saying, "No one believes terrorists are going to be more likely to attack us, because I defeat Rick Santorum. Does even he believe that?" A heated debate between the candidates occurred on October 11, 2006.
[35]Bill Toland of the
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette described both candidates' performances during the debate as "unstatesmanlike".
[35]
In the November 7, 2006 election, Santorum lost by over 700,000 votes, receiving 41.3 percent of the vote to Casey's 58.7 percent, the largest margin of defeat ever for an incumbent Republican Senator in Pennsylvania.
[36] The 18-point defeat was the largest margin of defeat for any incumbent senator since 1980
[37] and the largest margin of any incumbent Republican senator ever.
[38]
Specter endorsement
Santorum's support among social conservatives in his failed 2006 re-election was eroded by his endorsement for his Senate colleague
Arlen Specter over conservative Congressman
Pat Toomey in 2004. Many socially and fiscally conservative Republicans considered his endorsement to be a betrayal of their cause.
[39][40][41] However, Santorum says he endorsed Specter to ensure that President George W. Bush's judicial nominees would make it through the Senate, as the
Los Angeles Times reports:
"As Santorum tells voters, Specter was then-chairman of the
Senate Judiciary Committee, tasked with confirming Bush's nominees to the
Supreme Court. At the time, the Republicans held a 51-49 seat majority and were in danger of losing their Senate majority. (White House aides calculated that the veteran Specter had a much better chance of holding the Pennsylvania seat than Toomey.)
Santorum praises Specter as a stalwart supporter of Republican judicial nominees, and uses the post-election confirmations of
John Roberts in 2005 and
Samuel Alito in 2006 to make his case.
'I have no doubt that Sam Alito would not have been confirmed' without the re-elected Specter's help, Santorum maintains. 'That's a pretty good trade, in my judgment', he adds."
[42]
Tenure
In 1996, Santorum served as Chairman of the
Republican Party Task Force on Welfare Reform, and contributed to legislation that became the
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. Santorum was an author and the floor manager of the bill.
[4] It was written by
E. Clay Shaw, Jr. and passed with overwhelming bipartisan support. In 1996, Santorum endorsed moderate Republican
Arlen Specter in his short-lived campaign for president. Reporters have observed that Santorum and Specter differed on social policy, but Specter provided him with key political staff for his successful run in 1994.
[43][44]
In 2006,
U2 front man
Bono told
New York Times columnist
David Brooks, "I would suggest that Rick Santorum has a kind of Tourette’s disease; he will always say the most unpopular thing. But on our issues, he has been a defender of the most vulnerable."
[49][50]
Social conservatism
Santorum has attracted support and criticism because of his strong
social conservativeviews. Santorum advocates "
compassionate conservatism" which he says "relies on healthy families, freedom of faith, a vibrant civil society, a proper understanding of the individual and a focused government to achieve noble purposes through definable objectives which offers hope to all."
[51] He is known for his "confrontational, partisan, ‘in your face’ style of politics and government.”
[52] “I just don’t take the pledge. I take the bullets,” Santorum said. “I stand out in front and I lead to make sure the voices of those who do not have a voice are out in front and being included in the national debate.”
[53] In his 2005 book,
It Takes a Family, he advocates for a more family values oriented society centered on monogamous, heterosexual relationships, marriage, and child-raising. He is strongly
pro-life and opposes
same-sex marriage saying the American public and their elected officials should decide on these "incredibly important moral issues", rather than the
Supreme Court, which consists of "nine unelected, unaccountable judges.”
[54]
While in Congress, Santorum supported efforts to fight global AIDS, provide assistance to orphans and vulnerable children in developing countries, combat genocide in Sudan, and offer third world debt relief. He also supported homeownership tax credits, offering savings accounts to children from and rewarding savings by low-income families, funding autism research, fighting tuberculosis, and providing housing for people with AIDS. He supported increased funding for Social Services Block Grants and organizations like Healthy Start and the Children’s Aid Society, and financing community health centers.
[55]
Intelligent design
In 2001, Santorum sought to amend the
No Child Left Behind bill to include a provision affecting the teaching of
evolution.
[56][57] According to Santorum, his goal was that students studying evolution should hear "competing scientific interpretations of evidence," including "such alternative theories as
intelligent design."
[58] The provision came to be known as the "
Santorum Amendment" and was written with the assistance of the
Discovery Institute.
[56][59]The Senate's approval of the amendment "was hailed by anti-evolution groups as a major victory and criticized by scientific organizations."
[60][61][62][63]
The Santorum Amendment was not included in the final version of the Act made law, but similar language was included in the accompanying report of the
conference committee.
[60]The Discovery Institute and many intelligent design proponents, including two Ohio Congressmen, have repeatedly invoked this to suggest that intelligent design should be included in public school science standards as an alternative to evolution.
[64][65] In a 2002
Washington Times op-ed article, Santorum wrote that intelligent design "is a legitimate scientific theory that should be taught in science classes."
[66]
By 2005 Santorum had adopted the Discovery Institute's
Teach the Controversyapproach,
[67] stating in an interview with
National Public Radio, "I'm not comfortable with intelligent design being taught in the science classroom. What we should be teaching are the problems and holes, and I think there are legitimate problems and holes in the theory of evolution,"
[68] a statement that mirrors the Teach the Controversy strategy, the most recent iteration of the
intelligent design movement.
[69] Santorum resigned from the advisory board of the
Thomas More Law Center because he disagreed with the Center's role in the
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District case, where the Center represented a school board that had gone beyond "teach the controversy" and had required the teaching of intelligent design.
[70]Santorum wrote the foreword for the 2006 book
Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson And the Intelligent Design Movement, a collection of essays largely by Discovery Institute fellows honoring the "father" of the intelligent design movement,
Phillip E. Johnson. When asked, Santorum stated that he believes in evolution in "
a micro sense".
[71]
2003 interview and Google bomb
An interview Santorum gave to the
Associated Press erupted in controversy when it outlined his views on homosexuality. The interview, dated April 20, 2003, had asked him his views on the
sexual abuse of children by Catholic priests. Santorum said the priests were engaged in "a basic homosexual relationship", and said, "I have a problem with homosexual acts". He argued that the extended right to privacy ruled in
Griswold v. Connecticut did not exist in the
United States Constitution and that laws should exist against
polygamy, adultery,
sodomy, and other actions "antithetical to a healthy, stable, traditional family". Santorum said those actions were harmful to society, saying, "Every society in the history of man has upheld the institution of marriage as a bond between a man and a woman.... In every society, the definition of marriage has not ever to my knowledge included homosexuality. That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be. It is one thing. And when you destroy that you have a dramatic impact on the quality".
[72] Santorum later said that he did not intend to equate homosexuality with
incest and
pedophilia, but rather as a critique of the specific legal position that the right to privacy prevents the government from regulating consensual acts among adults (such as
bigamy, incest, etc.).
In protest of the remarks,
Dan Savage launched a contest among his readers in May 2003 to coin a new word "santorum" with an unflattering sexual definition, and followed this with a
Google bombing campaign to spread the new term. Since 2004, Savage's Google bomb has regularly been the top search result for Santorum's surname, leading to what commentators have dubbed
"Santorum's Google problem".
[73][74] Santorum has characterized the campaign as a "type of vulgarity" common on the Internet.
[74] In September 2011, Santorum unsuccessfully requested that Google remove the definition from its search engine index.
[75]
Controversy regarding Catholic sex abuse
In 2005, a controversy developed over an article Santorum wrote in 2002 to a Catholic publication. In it, he said that
liberalism and
moral relativism in American society, particularly within seminaries, contributed to the
Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal. He wrote, "...it is no surprise that Boston, a seat of academic, political and cultural liberalism in America, lies at the center of the storm."
[76] The comments were widely publicized in June 2005 by the
Philadelphia Daily News by columnist
John Baer. He told readers, "I'd remind you this is the same Senate leader who recently likened Democrats fighting to save the
filibuster to
Nazis."
[77] In Massachusetts, Santorum's remarks were heavily criticized, and on July 12, 2005,
The Boston Globe called on Santorum to explain his statement. The newspaper reported that Robert Traynham, Santorum's spokesman, told him, "It's an open secret that you have
Harvard University and
MIT that tend to tilt to the
left in terms of academic biases. I think that's what the senator was speaking to." A spokesman for
Mitt Romney then Governor of Massachusetts, also rebuked the comments. Senator
Ted Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) delivered a personal rebuke to Santorum on the Senate floor, saying "The people of Boston are to blame for the clergy sexual abuse? That is an irresponsible, insensitive and inexcusable thing to say."
[78]
Santorum has stood by his 2002 article and to date, has not apologized. During the controversy, he said the statement about Boston was taken out of context and that the
Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee had targeted his article, written three years earlier, to coordinate with Kennedy's speech against him. Santorum continued to agree with the broader theme of a cultural connection, saying that it is "no surprise that the culture affects people's behavior. [...] the liberal culture—the idea that [...] sexual inhibitions should be put aside and people should be able to do whatever they want to do, has an impact on people and how they behave." He again agreed with the premise that it was "no surprise that the center of the Catholic Church abuse took place in very liberal, or perhaps the nation's most liberal area, Boston." He recalled mentioning Boston because in July 2002, he said, the outrage of American Catholics, as well as his own, was focused on the
Archdiocese of Boston.
[79]
Privacy
Santorum has frequently stated that he does not believe a "
right to privacy" exists under the Constitution, even within marriage; he has been especially critical of the Supreme Court decision in
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), which held that the Constitution guaranteed the aforementioned right, and on that basis, overturned a law prohibiting the sale and use of
contraceptives.
[80] He has described contraception as "a license to do things in a sexual realm that is counter to how things are supposed to be."
[81]
Illegal immigration
In 2006, Santorum opposed the
Senate's immigration reform proposal.
[82] Instead, Santorum stated that the U.S. should act to enforce currently existing laws. He has openly stated his strong opposition to amnesty for illegal immigrants. He supports the construction of a barrier along the U.S.–Mexican border, an increase in the number of border patrol agents on the border, and the stationing of National Guard troops along the border. He also believes that illegal immigrants should be deported immediately when they commit crimes, and that undocumented immigrants should not receive benefits from the government. He believes English should be established as the national language in the United States.
[83]
NWS and ethics
Santorum introduced the
National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 to "clarify the duties and responsibilities of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[84] and the
National Weather Service (NWS), and for other purposes".
[85] This legislation, if enacted, would prohibit the NWS from publishing weather data to the public when private-sector entities, perform the same function commercially. At the same time, Santorum said that the National Weather Service needed to be a robust organization capable of predicting serious weather conditions.
[86] The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association was galvanizing support to lobby against this bill,
[87] but it never passed committee. Opponents of the bill suggested it was
corporate welfare, where the private weather service companies, which often receive data from the National Weather Service, would be enabled to charge government and military agencies for that information.
[87] The motivations surrounding this bill were controversial, as
AccuWeather, a commercial weather company based in Santorum's home state, stood to profit from this legislation, and Accuweather employees had contributed at least $5500 to him since 1999. The liberal advocacy group,
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, subsequently listed Rick Santorum as one of its "most corrupt politicians", citing the bill as one of several reasons.
[88] In September 2005, Santorum criticized the National Weather Service for its evacuation warnings given for
Hurricane Katrina, saying they were "insufficient" and said the public suffered "serious consequences" when they fall short of "getting it right."
[89] He also suggested that people who ignored warnings and rode out the storms should have been penalized for not following government warnings.
[90] After criticism,
[91] he backtracked from his remarks and said that people who couldn't have evacuated on their own would not be penalized.
[91]
ACLU suit
In 2005, four young women were ejected from a bookstore in
Wilmington, Delaware, where Santorum was scheduled for a book signing, after they were overheard expressing opinions critical of the senator. The
American Civil Liberties Union filed suit, which was settled in 2007. As a result of the settlement, the Delaware State Police were required to pay legal fees for the plaintiffs and provide training to officers on free-speech rights. The Santorum staff members who requested the ejection were required to apologize and to relinquish their salaries for the event — $2,500.00 — to the plaintiffs in damages. A police official stated that while they had not violated the women's First Amendment rights, they "decided to settle the matter to avoid the cost of prolonged litigation."
[93]
Foreign policy
Santorum is a supporter of the
War on Terror and shares the views of
neoconservatives and the
Bush Doctrine in regards to foreign policy. He says the war on Terror can be won and is optimistic about the U.S. occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan for the long-term.
He sponsored the
Syria Accountability Act of 2003, which required Syria to end all engagement in Lebanon and cease all support for terrorism. He originally wanted to go further with the bill, asking for the United States to create economic sanctions on Syria if it did not do so.
[94] In June 2006, Santorum declared that
weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) had been found in Iraq.
[95] Santorum's declaration was based, in part, on declassified portions of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.
[96] The report stated that coalition forces had recovered approximately 500 weapons munitions that contain degraded or vacant
mustard or
sarin nerve agent casings. The specific weapons he referred to were chemical munitions dating back to the
Iran–Iraq War that were buried in the early 1990s. The report stated that while agents had degraded to an unknown degree, they remained dangerous and possibly lethal.
[95] However, officials of the Department of Defense, CIA intelligence analysts, and the White House have all explicitly stated that these expired casings were not part of the WMDs threat that the
Iraq War was launched to contain.
[97]
In 2005, Santorum sponsored the
Iran Freedom and Support Act, which appropriated $10 million aimed at
regime change in Iran. The Act passed with overwhelming support. However, Santorum nevertheless voted against the
Lautenberg amendment, which would have closed the loophole that allows companies like
Halliburton to do business with Iran through their foreign affiliates.
[98] He said Iran was at the center of "much of the world's conflict" but was opposed to direct military action against the country in 2006.
The
Associated Press reported that on July 20, 2006, Santorum stated that "Islamic fascism rooted in Iran is behind much of the world's conflict, but he is opposed to military action against the country", in a speech where he "also defended the treatment of prisoners in
Guantanamo Bay."
[99] The senator indicated that "effective action against Iran" would require America's fighting "for a strong Lebanon, a strong Israel, and a strong Iraq."
[99]
On September 7, 2006, Santorum outlined his views on foreign policy in an
op-ed piece for the
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and discussed Islamic fascism, closing with a rally cry:
I believe we are at war with Islamic fascists and I singled out Iran and Syria as examples of Islamic fascist regimes. Many Muslims say the same thing, and the editors should, too, for it is undeniable. [...] I have said time and time again across Pennsylvania these past weeks that the fight against Islamic fascism is the great test of our generation. Leaders are obliged to articulate this threat and to propose what is necessary to defeat it. That is my purpose, and our national calling. The American people have always rallied to the cause of freedom once they understood what was at stake. I have no doubt that they will again.
Santorum has referred to his grandfather's historical encounter with Italian fascism as an inspiration for his 2012 presidential campaign.
[101]
During the lame-duck session of the
109th Congress, Santorum was one of only two Senators who voted against confirming the nomination of
Robert Gates as
Secretary of Defense. Santorum stated that his objection was to Gates's support for talking with
Iran and
Syria, because, in Santorum's view, it would be an error to talk with "radical Islam".
[102]
During his third term re-election campaign for his Senate seat against
Bob Casey, Jr., Santorum introduced the term "Islamic fascism", while questioning "his opponent's ability to make the right decisions on national security at a time when 'our enemies are fully committed to our destruction.'"
[33]
- Party Leadership
As early as 2002, in a
PoliticsPA feature story designating politicians with
yearbook superlatives, he was named the "Most Ambitious".
[103] As chairman of the
Senate Republican Conference, Santorum directed the communications operations of Senate Republicans and was a frequent party spokesperson. He was the youngest member of the Senate leadership and the first Pennsylvanian to hold such a prominent position since Senator
Hugh Scott was Republican leader in the 1970s. In addition, Santorum served on the Senate Agriculture Committee; the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; the Senate Special Committee on Aging; and the
Senate Finance Committee, of which he was the chairman of the Subcommittee on
Social Security and Family Policy. He also sat at the
candy desk for ten years.
[104][105]
Post-Senate career
Career as lawyer, political consultant, and commentator
On April 12, 2007, political action committee America's Foundation,
Highmark and a former Highmark vice president were fined by the Federal Election Committee for sponsoring Santorum with corporate money.
[107] The problem had been reported by Highmark, which uncovered the matter during an internal review.
In March 2007 Santorum joined Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC, where he primarily practiced law in the firm's
Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C. offices providing business and strategic counseling services to the firm's clients. He also joined the
Ethics and Public Policy Center, a D.C.-based conservative
think tank.
[108] Santorum was also a contributor on the
Fox News Channel.
[109] Santorum writes an Op/Ed piece titled "The Elephant in the Room" for the Commentary Page of
The Philadelphia Inquirer.
[110] Santorum told the
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review that he would address many geopolitical issues, and then joked, "I don't do
Anna Nicole Smith, that's all."
[109] After leaving the Senate, Santorum joined the Board of Directors of
Universal Health Services, a hospital management company based in
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.
[111]
Santorum earned $1.3 million in 2010 and the first half of 2011. The largest chunk of his employment earnings — $332,000 — came from his work as a consultant for groups advocating and lobbying for industry interests, such as a Pennsylvania natural gas firm, Consol Energy, and lobby firm American Continental Group. Santorum also earned $395,414 in corporate director's fees and stock options.
[112]
Santorum informed U.S. Senator
John Ensign that Ensign's affair with a staff member was about to become publicly known.
[113]
2008 presidential election
Before failing to win re-election in 2006, Santorum had frequently been mentioned as a possible
2008 presidential candidate. Such speculation faded when, during the course of the campaign and in light of unimpressive poll numbers, he declared that, if re-elected, he would serve a full term. After he lost, Santorum once again ruled out a presidential run.
[114]
On February 1, 2008, Santorum said he would vote for
Mitt Romney in the 2008 Presidential Republican primary race, stating: "If you're a Republican, if you're a Republican in the broadest sense, there is only one place to go right now and that's Mitt Romney."
[115] He has criticized John McCain, questioning his pro-life voting record and whether Sen. McCain holds true conservative values. In September 2008, Santorum expressed support for McCain, citing
Sarah Palin as a step in the right direction: "Knowing McCain, he's choosing someone in whom he sees a lot of himself...He tries to find people who have a similar head as he does, and if he sees him in [Palin]...that gives me a better feel for him and a little more confidence in him."
[116] In 2011 he said McCain, who was tortured as a
prisoner of war, did not understand how the "
enhanced interrogation" process works.
[117]
2010 elections
Santorum was mentioned as a candidate for
Governor of Pennsylvania in
2010.
[118] At one point, he was said to have "quietly but efficiently put his fingerprints on a wide-array of conservative causes in the state."
[119] However, Santorum declined to seek the gubernatorial nomination and instead endorsed eventual winner
Tom Corbett.
[120]
2012 presidential campaign
In the fall of 2009, Santorum gave a speech at the
University of Dubuque on the economy, which received media attention and fueled speculation that he would run for president in 2012. Santorum later recalled, "It got a lot of buzz on the Internet, so I thought, 'Wow, maybe there's some interest in what I have to say after all,'" and he came to the decision to campaign after multiple conversations with his wife, who was not enthusiastic at first.
[121] On September 11, 2009, Santorum spoke to a group of Catholic leaders in Orlando, Florida and told them, "I hate to be calculating, but I see that 2012 is not just throwing somebody out to be eaten, but it's a real opportunity for success." He scheduled various appearances with political non-profit organizations that took place in Iowa.
[122][123][124][125]
Santorum repeated his consideration of a 2012 run in an e-mail and letter sent on January 15, 2010 to supporters of his political action committee, saying, "After talking it over with my wife Karen and our kids – I am considering putting my name in for the 2012 presidential race. I'm convinced that conservatives need a candidate who will not only stand up for our views, but who can articulate a conservative vision for our country's future," he wrote. "And right now, I just don't see anyone stepping up to the plate. I have no great burning desire to be president, but I have a burning desire to have a different president of the United States".
[126]He formed a presidential exploratory committee on April 13, 2011.
Santorum formally announced his run for the Republican presidential nomination on ABC'sGood Morning America on June 6, 2011, saying he's "in it to win." He initially lagged behind in the polls.
Santorum gained as other conservative candidates slumped. By the weekend before the
Iowa caucuses, polls by
CNN and
The Des Moines Register showed him in the top three, along with
Mitt Romney and
Ron Paul.
[127][128] The
Des Moines Register also noted that momentum was with Santorum: "If the final two days of polling are considered separately, Santorum rises to second place, with 21 percent, pushing Paul to third, at 18 percent. Romney remains the same, at 24 percent."
[128]
In the closest finish in the history of the Iowa caucuses, Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum were locked in a virtual dead heat in the first battle for the Republican presidential nomination. The final count put Romney as winner by a margin of eight votes.
[129]
Political positions
Santorum developed and articulated many of his political positions during his terms in office. See
that section of this article for details.
Iran nuclear capability
In 2012, Santorum criticized Obama for not doing enough to block Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Santorum said that, if elected, he would call upon Iran to open its facilities to international inspection and begin to dismantle them, and that if Iranian leaders did not comply, he would bomb the weapons sites.
[130]
Energy and environment
He has stated a policy of "drill everywhere" for oil and that there is "enough oil, coal and natural gas to last for centuries".
[132]
Personal life
Santorum and his wife, Karen Garver Santorum, have six living children. Karen Santorum was a neonatal intensive care unit nurse for nine years.
[133] One child was diagnosed with
Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), a serious genetic disorder.
[134] In 1996, after Karen developed a life-threatening infection, a son, Gabriel, was born prematurely and lived for only two hours.
[135] While pregnant, Karen Santorum developed a life-threatening intrauterine infection and a fever that reached nearly 105 degrees. She went into labor when she was 20 weeks pregnant and allowed doctors to give her
Pitocin to speed the birth.
[136]
Karen Santorum wrote a book about the experience:
Letters to Gabriel: The True Story of Gabriel Michael Santorum.
[137] In it, she writes that the couple brought the deceased infant home from the hospital and presented the dead child to their living children as "your brother Gabriel". The anecdote was also written about by Michael Sokolove in a 2005
New York Times Magazine story on Santorum.
"Rick and Karen Santorum would not let the morgue take the corpse of their newborn; they slept that night in the hospital with their lifeless baby between them. The next day, they took him home. 'Your siblings could not have been more excited about you!' Karen writes in the book, which takes the form of letters to Gabriel, mostly while he is in utero. 'Elizabeth and Johnny held you with so much love and tenderness. Elizabeth proudly announced to everyone as she cuddled you, "This is my baby brother, Gabriel; he is an angel."'"
[1]
Karen Garver Santorum also authored a book on etiquette for children.
[138]
"All of us have heard people say, 'I privately am against abortion, homosexual marriage, stem cell research, cloning. But who am I to decide that it's not right for somebody else?' It sounds good, but it is the corruption of freedom of conscience."
[140]
Pennsylvania residency controversies
Santorum's residency has been controversial on several occasions, with Santorum's critics noting that Santorum himself had made the residency of his opponent a major campaign issue when he first ran for Congress in 1990.
In 1997 Santorum purchased a three bedroom house in the Pittsburgh suburb of
Penn Hillsnext to the home of his wife's parents for $87,800. In 2001, however, he bought a home for for $643,000 in
Leesburg, Virginia, about an hour's drive northwest of Washington, DC, and in 2007 spent $2 million to buy a 5,000-square foot home in
Great Falls, Virginia, about 40 minutes from DC.
[142] In November 2004, a controversy arose as the Penn Hills School District, which was paying 80% of the tuition costs associated the Santorum's five older children attending the
Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School, asked Santorum to repay $67,000 in tuition costs as the district believed that he and his family were spending most of the year in Virginia and accordingly did not meet the qualifications for residency status.
[143] Santorum disputed the assessment and withdrew his children from the cyber education program.
[144] On July 8, 2005, a Pennsylvania state hearing officer ruled that the Penn Hills School District had not filed objections to Santorum's residency in a timely manner and dismissed the complaint. Santorum hailed the ruling, saying "No one's children—and especially not small, school-age children—should be used as pawns in the '
politics of personal destruction.'"
[145] Santorum's 2006 re-election campaign ran television commercials with Santorum's son saying "My dad's opponents have criticized him for moving us to Washington so we could be with him more."
[146] In September 2006, the Pennsylvania Department of Education agreed to pay the district $55,000 to settle the dispute.
[147]
In September 2006, Santorum asked county officials to exempt his Penn Hills property from the homestead tax exemption, which applied to homeowners' primary residences.
[148] The county council president responded by saying that Santorum had "said during a televised debate that he spends about 30 days in his Penn Hills house each year."
[149]
Works
References
- ^ a b Michael Sokolove (May 22, 2005). "The Believer". The New York Times Magazine.
- ^ "Rick Santorum on the Issues". Ontheissues.org. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
- ^ "Social Conservatives Rally to Santorum". Nationalreview.com. 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ a b "Candidate profile: Rick Santorum refuses to compromise on principles". Caucuses.desmoinesregister.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ Murray, Sara. "Romney, Santorum Warn Voters on Iran". Blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ a b "Aldo Santorum Obituary: View Aldo Santorum's Obituary by The Island Packet". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ a b "Pennsylvania Town Hall - Pennsylvania's Marketplace of Ideas". Patownhall.com. 2011-01-15. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Santorum genealogy". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
- ^ "The Senator's Biography". Santorum's Senate website. Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
- ^ "The Pennsylvania Manual". Books.google.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dGwyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PrUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1572,4682192&dq=rick-santorum+italian+irish&hl=en
- ^ Zito, Salena (2011-01-21). "Psychologist Aldo Santorum devoted career to fellow veterans - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review". Pittsburghlive.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ Butler Senior High School classbook, "The Magnet", 1975
- ^ a b "Nation & World: 20 things about Rick Santorum – US News and World Report". Usnews.com. May 10, 1958. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
- ^ Tony Scifo (November 5, 1996). "Carmel's political alumni return for chat with students Carmel High School". Daily Herald.
- ^ Mike Newall (September 29, 2005). "The Path of the Righteous Man: How Rick Santorum became the nation's evangelical poster boy". Philadelphia citypaper.net. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ "''The Pittsburgh Press'', November 7, 1990". News.google.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "''The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', November 7, 1990". News.google.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "''Observer Reporter'', November 4, 1992". News.google.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "Pennsylvania Senate: Casey by 23 Santorum Remains Most Vulnerable Incumbent".Rasmussen Reports. May 31, 2006.
- ^ "Casey Widens Lead Over Santorum In Pennsylvania, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Voters Lean To Pro-Choice Side Of Abortion Debate". Quinnipiac University. February 13, 2006.
- ^ Kimberly Hefling (September 26, 2006). "Casey Doubles Lead Over Santorum". York Dispatch.
- ^ Elizabeth Skrapets (October 7, 2006). "Ousted Romanelli Now Faces Money Problems".Scranton Times-Tribune.
- ^ Martha Raffaele (September 25, 2006). "Pa. Judge to Drop Candidate from Ballot".Forbes.[dead link]
- ^ Carrie Budoff (August 1, 2006). "Santorum donors give to Green Party". The Philadelphia Inquirer.[dead link]
- ^ Martha Raffaele, Associated Press (September 14, 2006). "Lawyer: Green candidate's Senate petition is invalid". The Philadelphia Inquirer.[dead link]
- ^ "Meet the Press transcript". NBC. September 13, 2006.
- ^ "Santorum Responds To Walgren's Residency Rip". Wtae.com. 2006-06-01. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ Vera Miller (September 20, 2006). "Dems Press Cyber Cost Issue". Penn Hills Progress.[dead link]
- ^ Editorial (September 15, 2006). "Santorum hurls the low hard one". The Scranton Times-Tribune.
- ^ Larry Eichel (September 14, 2006). "Santorum ad impugns ethics of Casey "team"". The Philadelphia Inquirer.[dead link]
- ^ Kimberly Hefling (September 13, 2006). "Santorum ad shows Casey "campaign team" behind bars". Associated Press.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Santorum: Casey lacking on security". Post-gazette.com. 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ Brad Rhen (October 25, 2006). "Santorum issues GOP call to arms". Lebanon Daily News.
- ^ a b Toland, Bill. Santorum, Casey go toe-to-toe in debate. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette', October 13, 2006.
- ^ "2006 General Election Official Returns, Pennsylvania Department of State.
- ^ William Petroski, "Candidate profile: Rick Santorum refuses to compromise on principles" (August 7, 2011). Des Moines Register.
- ^ Carter Eskew, "Playing tricks with Ricks" (January 2, 2011). Washington Post.
- ^ Jerry Bowyer (October 10, 2006). "Outside Santorum's Sanctum". New York Sun.
- ^ Stephen Moore (April 15, 2004). "Santorum's Shame". National Review.
- ^ Timothy P. Carney (November 1, 2009). "Betrayal in Pennsylvania". AFF's Brainwash.[dead link]
- ^ West, Paul (2011-11-28). "In Iowa, Specter endorsement haunts Rick Santorum". Latimes.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "Post-Gazette.com". Nl.newsbank.com. 1995-11-26. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Our Campaigns – US President – R Primaries Race – Jul 7, 1996". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ^ "Rick Santorum News and Video". FOXNews.com. 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Newspapers, Web Pages Distort Meeting". Hillel.org. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "The new American McCarthyism: policing thought about the Middle East. | Goliath Business News". Goliath.ecnext.com. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ Lederman, Doug (2006-02-08). "A Tale of 2 Speakers". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Political Theater and the Real Rick Santorum". New York Times. October 29, 2006.
- ^ "Kathryn Jean Lopez: Rick Santorum has his share of believers". ricksantorum.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ Rick Santorum (November 17, 2005). "The Conservative Future: Compassion". Townhall.com. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ "The PA Report "Power 75" List" (PDF). Pennsylvania Report. Capital Growth, Inc.. January 31, 2003. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006.
- ^ "Rick Santorum Reaffirms Commitment to Social Conservative Cause". Abcnews.go.com. 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "George Stephanopoulos Interviews Sen. Rick Santorum". Think Progress. July 31, 2005.
- ^ David Brooks, "Political Theater and the Real Rick Santorum", New York Times Opinion page, October 29, 2006
- ^ a b Peter Slevin (March 14, 2005). "Battle on Teaching Evolution Sharpens". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Is There a Federal Mandate to Teach Intelligent Design Creationism?" (PDF). National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ Santorum, Rick (December 18, 2001), "No child left behind act of 2001--conference report", Congressional Record: S13377, retrieved 2012-01-02
- ^ "We'd Like Some Answers Origin of man, universe continues to cause debate". Alumni News Stories. Oral Roberts University Alumni Foundation. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ a b "Language on evolution attached to education law". Issues in Science and Technology. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Spring 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-12-12. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ "ID's backers have sought to avoid the scientific scrutiny which we have now determined that it cannot withstand by advocating that the controversy, but not ID itself, should be taught in science class. This tactic is at best disingenuous, and at worst a canard." Ruling, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, page 89
- ^ "That this controversy is one largely manufactured by the proponents of creationism and intelligent design may not matter, and as long as the controversy is taught in classes on current affairs, politics, or religion, and not in science classes, neither scientists nor citizens should be concerned." Intelligent Judging – Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom George J. Annas, New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 354:2277–2281 May 25, 2006
- ^ "Some bills seek to discredit evolution by emphasizing so-called 'flaws' in the theory of evolution or "disagreements" within the scientific community. Others insist that teachers have absolute freedom within their classrooms and cannot be disciplined for teaching non-scientific "alternatives" to evolution. A number of bills require that students be taught to 'critically analyze' evolution or to understand 'the controversy.' But there is no significant controversy within the scientific community about the validity of the theory of evolution. The current controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution is not a scientific one." AAAS Statement on the Teaching of Evolution American Association for the Advancement of Science. February 16, 2006
- ^ Phillip E. Johnson, (May 9, 2003). "Intelligent Design, Freedom, & Education". Breakpoint.org and Discovery Institute News. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ Bruce Chapman; David DeWolf. "Why the Santorum Language Should Guide State Science Education Standards" (PDF). Discovery Institute. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ Rick Santorum (March 14, 2002). "Illiberal Education in Ohio Schools". The Washington Times.
- ^ Rick Santorum (January 14, 2005). "Teach the Controversy". Allentown Morning Call.
- ^ "Rick Santorum, 'It Takes a Family'". Interview with Rick Santorum (National Public RadioMorning Edition). August 4, 2005.
- ^ George J. Annas (May 25, 2006). "Intelligent Judging – Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom". New England Journal of Medicine 354 (21): 2277–2281.doi:10.1056/NEJMlim055660. PMID 16723620.
- ^ "Santorum Breaks With Christian-Rights Law Center", The Washington Post, December 23, 2005, retrieved 2012-01-02
- ^ "Chris Matthews, Rick Santorum argue after Republican debate (video)". Huffingtonpost.com. 2011-09-08. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Excerpt from Santorum interview". USA Today. Associated Press. April 23, 2003. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
- ^ Rovzar, Chris (September 7, 2010). "Does Rick Santorum Really Have a Google Problem?". NYmag.com Daily Intel. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
- ^ a b "Santorum Talks About Longtime Google Problem". Roll Call. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
- ^ Burns, Alexander. "Rick Santorum contacted Google, says company spreads 'filth'". Politico. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ Rick Santorum (July 12, 2002). "Fishers of Men". Catholic Online. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ John Baer (June 24, 2005). "A look into Santorum's brain". Philadelphia Daily News.
- ^ Susan Milligan (July 14, 2005). "Kennedy rips Santorum comments: Says senator owes victims apology". Boston Globe.
- ^ "Senator Rick Santorum (Interview)". RushLimbaugh.com. July 21, 2005. Retrieved August 23, 2006.[dead link]
- ^ Rick Santorum (July 19, 2005). "The Constitutional Wrecking Ball". National Review.
- ^ Peter Wehner, "The GOP’s Weak Field", Commentary, 24 October 2011
- ^ Banville, Lee (August 1, 2006). dec06/santorum_08-01.html "Still Trailing in Polls, Santorum Hammers on Illegal Immigration". Online NewsHour (PBS). Retrieved March 13, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ "On the Issues". RickSantorum.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2006. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ http://www.aviationweather.gov/adds/
- ^ "National Weather Services Duties Act of 2005 (Introduced in Senate)". Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ "Some GOP Legislators Hit Jarring Notes in Addressing Katrina". Washingtonpost.com. 2005-09-10. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ a b "AOPA Online: Air Traffic Services Brief - National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 - Santorum Bill S. 786". Aopa.org. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Sen. Rick Santorum (R-PA)". Citizens for Ethics. Archived from the original on July 16, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2007.
- ^ Charles Babington (September 10, 2005). "Some GOP Legislators Hit Jarring Notes in Addressing Katrina". Washington Post.
- ^ "Senator suggests penalties for survivors who stayed in flood zone". The Raw Story. September 6, 2005. Archived from the original on March 29, 2006. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
- ^ a b Sean D. Hamill (September 7, 2005). "Santorum retreats on evacuation penalty remarks". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
- ^ Donald L. Barlett; James B. Steele (February 26, 2006). "A Magic Way to Make Billions".TIME.
- ^ "ACLU settles lawsuit stemming from 2005 Santorum event". Post-gazette.com. 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ "Santorum trying again on Syria sanctions bill". Post-gazette.com. 2003-04-18. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ a b "Report: Hundreds of WMDs Found in Iraq". Fox News. June 22, 2006. Archived fromthe original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- ^ "Report on Iraqi Chemical Munitions" (PDF). June 21, 2006. Retrieved September 13, 2006.
- ^ Dafna Linzer (June 23, 2006). "Lawmakers Cite Weapons Found in Iraq". Washington Post.
- ^ Bonnie Squires; Dan Loeb (September 18, 2006). "Rick Santorum On Iran: His record does not match his rhetoric". Op/Ed. Philadelphia Jewish Voice. Retrieved September 22, 2006.
- ^ a b "Santorum says Iran at center of world's conflict". Post-gazette.com. 2006-07-21. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ In Rebuttal: Islamic fascists vs. Islam itself" by Rick Santorum, September 7, 2006.http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06250/719619-109.stm, in response to In response to the Sept. 1 Post-Gazette editorial "Loose Talk: The Bush Rhetoric on Iraq Is Sounding Desperate"
- ^ Ward, Jon. Brief "Primary Election 2012: Conservative Fears Of Permanent Welfare State May Create Wild Ride." Huff Post, May 8, 2011.
- ^ McKinnon, Mark (August 12, 2009). "Santorum Is Dangerous". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Keystone State Yearbook Committee". PoliticsPA. The Publius Group. 2001. Archived from the original on August 31, 2002.
- ^ Joyner, James (January 5, 2007). "Santorum Ouster Means End of Senate Candy Desk".Outside the Beltway.
- ^ Toeplitz, Shira (February 13, 2011). "Mark Kirk: Senate candy man". Politico.
- ^ Maeve Reston (January 26, 2005). "Santorum focusing on re-election to Senate, not White House run". post-gazette.com (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette).
- ^ "Santorum fundraising brings fine for Highmark". Post-gazette.com. 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ John J. Miller (January 9, 2007). "Rick’s Return". nationalreview.com (National Review).
- ^ a b Salena Zito (March 1, 2007). "Santorum to contribute to Fox News". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review.
- ^ "Rick Santorum". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
- ^ "Universal Health Services – Board of Directors". Uhsinc.com. Retrieved February 24, 2011.
- ^ "Santorum experienced major jump in income after leaving Senate". Washington Post. 2012-01-05.
- ^ Kellman, Laurie. "Rick Santorum Caught Up In John Ensign Affair: Senate Ethics Report."HuffPo, May 13, 2011.
- ^ Carrie Budoff (November 17, 2006). "Santorum: No oval office run". inquirer.com (The Philadelphia Inquirer).[dead link]
- ^ "Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC". Mittromney.com. November 9, 2009. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
- ^ "Santorum weighs in on race: Ex-senator changes his stance on McCain". Articles.lancasteronline.com. September 24, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
- ^ Summers, Juana. "Rick Santorum: John McCain 'doesn't understand' enhanced interrogation." Politico, May 17, 2011.
- ^ "Santorum eyes gubernatorial bud". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. September 30, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
- ^ "PA Report 100" (PDF). Pennsylvania Report. Capital Growth, Inc.. January 23, 2009. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009.
- ^ "Santorum endorses Corbett". PoliticsPA. 2009-11-17. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/us/politics/santorum-fights-to-be-heard-amid-republican-din.html?_r=1
- ^ "Santorum Admits to Pondering Run for Republican Presidential Nomination - Asks for Prayers". LifeSiteNews.com. 2009-09-12. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Romm, Tony. "Santorum reportedly mulling White House bid - The Hill's Blog Briefing Room". Thehill.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ "Santorum says he's considering 2012 bid". CNN. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ^ "CNN Poll: Romney on top, Gingrich fading & Santorum rising in Iowa". Politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com. 2011-12-28. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ a b "Romney leads Paul in new Des Moines Register Iowa Poll; Santorum surges". Caucuses.desmoinesregister.com. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ Condon, Stephanie (4 January 2011). "Iowa caucus results: Mitt Romney beats Rick Santorum by 8 votes". CBS News. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
- ^ "GOP’s Santorum says he would bomb Iran’s nuclear facilities unless inspectors were allowed in", The Washington Post, January 1, 2012
- ^ "The Rick Santorum Interview". RushLimbaugh.com. June 08, 2011. Retrieved January 04, 2012.
- ^ Johnson, Brad; Somanader, Tanya (June 24, 2011), "Santorum: 'There’s no such thing as global warming'", Grist, retrieved 2012-01-02
- ^ "Fox News Commentator Apologizes for Criticism of Rick Santorum's Behavior After Son's Death (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ John-Henry Westen (September 13, 2009). "Senator Rick Santorum Pondering a Run for the U.S. Presidency". LifeSiteNews.com. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
- ^ Sokolove, Michael (May 22, 2005). "The Believer". The New York Times. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
- ^ Sokolove, Michael (May 22, 2005). "The Believer". The New York Times. Retrieved Jan 6, 2011.
- ^ Karen Garver Santorum (1998). Letters to Gabriel. CCC of America. ISBN 1-56814-528-4.
- ^ Karen Santorum (April 2003). Everyday Graces: Child's Book Of Good Manners (Foundations). Intercollegiate Studies Institute. ISBN 1-932236-09-0.
- ^ "HOSPITALLERS" (PDF). Volume 1. Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and Malta. Winter 2004/2005. Retrieved August 25, 2006.
- ^ a b Allen, John (January 18, 2002). "Opus Dei prestige on display at centenary event".National Catholic Reporter 38 (11): p. 8.
- ^ Doerr, Edd (July/August 2003). "Rick the lip, wrong Paige, and the plumed Knight". The Humanist 63 (4): p. 42.
- ^ a b Heidi Przybyla and Julie Bykowicz, Santorum Becomes Millionaire in Six Years After U.S. Senate Loss Bloomberg Businessweek 5 January 2011
- ^ Reynolds, Daniel (November 19, 2004). "Santorum school flap continues". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved April 25, 2007.
- ^ "Editorial: Home school/ Santorum, not the state, should pay Penn Hills". Post-gazette.com. 2006-09-11. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ Amy McConnell Schaarsmith (July 12, 2005). "Penn Hills loses bid to charge Santorum for online school tuition". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
- ^ "Santorum has got to be kidding". Post-gazette.com. 2006-09-15. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "State Pays Penn Hills Schools In Santorum Dispute". WTAE-TV. September 13, 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2007.
- ^ James O'Toole, "Santorum asks county to drop tax exemption", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 27, 2006
- ^ "Casey for Senate: Santorum exemplifies the worst of Washington". Post-gazette.com. 2006-10-22. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
Further reading
External links
- Articles
- Excerpt from Santorum interview USA Today, April 23, 2003
- Lawsuit Abuse Critic Explains Suit ABC Primetime, November 10, 2005
- Editorial: Charities on the Hill Washington Post, March 7, 2006
- Santorum Against the World, Michael Dougherty, The American Conservative, July 30, 2007
![[icon]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
